How do Windshield (windscreen) washers work? Advantage,Disadvantage and application of it

Introduction

We frequently ignore the minor but vital details that make a big difference in our safety when driving because of the daily disorder.Among these unsung heroes is the windshield washer system,which makes sure that our vision is unhindered and clear while we travel.This blog post will discuss the importance, parts, and operation of the windshield washer system while emphasizing how it helps to encourage stress-free and safe driving.

Hands adjusting windshield wipers on a car, pouring blue washer fluid into a reservoir, and wipers clearing a wet windshield; text reads "Windshield washer."

The Importance of a Clean Windshield

Maintaining a clear line of sight is crucial for safe driving.Dirt, bugs, and other particles can build up on a windshield,blocking the driver's vision and creating a dangerous situation.The windshield washer system offers a dependable way to keep the windshield free of debris, especially in challenging weather or on extended trips.

A windshield washer system for an automotive vehicle includes a fluid reservoir, a pump mounted within the fluid reservoir and a heater mounted in proximity to the pump so as to provide heat to fluid contained within the reservoir. The system further includes a nozzle operatively associated with the pump for applying fluid from the reservoir to an outside surface of an automotive vehicle. The heater may comprise an electric resistance element, such as a positive temperature coefficient element mounted about a pumping chamber of the pump. In any event, the heater provides sufficient heat to the fluid contained within the reservoir to prevent water in the fluid from freezing at ambient temperatures normally encountered by automobiles.

According to another aspect of the present invention, a nozzle incorporated in the present system may be of the telescoping variety such that it has a first position for spraying and a second, or retracted,position when it is not spraying. In this fashion, a neat, uncluttered appearance may be achieved, while protecting the nozzle from damage. In any event, the nozzle is close-coupled to the pump, so as to minimize the fluid volume between the pump and nozzle. This promotes drain back of fluid from the nozzle to the pump, while allowing heat to flow from the pump to the nozzle, thereby further inhibiting freezing of water within the nozzle.

Windshield washer fluid

Manufacturers sell windshield washer fluid in many formulations. Some require dilution before use, although most solutions available in North America come premixed and ready to apply. Common washer fluid types include labels such as "All-Season," "Bug Remover," or "De-icer." These fluids typically combine solvents with a detergent to enhance cleaning performance.
Dilution factors will vary depending on season, for example in winter the dilution factor may be 1:1,whereas during summer the dilution factor may be 1:10. It is sometimes sold as sachet of crystals, which is also diluted with water.Distilled water is the preferred diluent, since it will not leave trace mineral deposits on the glass. Antifreeze, or methylated spirits, may be added to a mixture to give the product a lower freezing temperature. But methanol vapor is harmful when breathed in, so more popular now is an ethanol winter mix, e.g. PAV, water, ethanol (or isopropanol), and ethylene glycol.
Concerns have been raised about the overall environmental aspects of washer fluid. Widespread, ground-level use of wiper fluid (amounting to billions of litres each year) can lead to cumulative air pollution and water pollution. Consumer advocacy groups and auto enthusiasts believe that the alcohols and solvents present in some, but not all, windshield washer fluid can damage the vehicle.
These critics point to the corrosive effects of ethanol, methanol, and other components on paint, rubber, car wax, and plastics, and groups propose various alternatives and homemade recipes so as to protect the finish and mechanics of the motor vehicle.

Functionality of the Windshield Washer System

When the driver activates the windshield washer system—usually by pressing a stalk or button on the steering column—the washer fluid pump sends cleaning solution through tubes to the nozzles. Simultaneously, the wiper blades sweep across the windshield, spreading the fluid and removing dirt and debris. This coordinated action ensures the driver maintains a clear and unobstructed view.

Windshield washer nozzle

This model includes two hood-mounted washer nozzles. Each nozzle sprays two streams into the wiper pattern. If the spray pattern doesn't perform properly, you can adjust the nozzles by inserting a pin into the nozzle ball and repositioning it as needed. The left and right nozzles use identical designs. The system also offers the advantage of eliminating separate fluid lines and nozzles by containing everything within a single assembly. This design allows a single heat source to protect both the fluid and the entire system from freezing.

Windshield washer system

All models use electrically operated windshield washer pumps. Drivers can activate the wash function even when the wiper control switch is in the OFF position. Pressing and holding the wash button in this position starts both the wipers and the washer motor pump, and both continue to operate until the driver releases the button. Releasing the button stops the washer pump, but the wipers complete the current wipe cycle and then perform an average of two additional cycles before parking and shutting off.

The system mounts the electric pump assembly directly to the reservoir. A permanently lubricated motor drives a rotor-type pump. Fluid flows by gravity from the reservoir, and the pump then forces it through rubber hoses to the hood-mounted nozzles, which spray the fluid onto the windshield. Technicians service the pump and reservoir as separate assemblies.

Advantage

The present system offers the advantage of eliminating the need for hydrocarbon-based freezing point depressants.
Another advantage of the present system is that its nozzle drains itself automatically, purging any remaining fluid when the system is off and thereby providing additional protection against freezing.

Disadvantage

Windshield washer fluid can damage the vehicle. These critics point to the corrosive effects of ethanol, methanol, and other components.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the windshield washer system plays a vital role in a vehicle’s equipment. Although many people overlook it, this system proves essential for keeping the windshield clean and maintaining maximum visibility while driving.